Isaiah in the New Testament

Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

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Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.

Matthew quotes verbatim as virgin-birth canonical sign

And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.

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Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.

Immanuel — God with us — in flesh

And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and he shall deliver them.

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And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him.

Christ hidden in Egypt as child

And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and he shall deliver them.

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And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son.

Out of Egypt have I called my son

And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots:

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And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene.

Netser/Nazareth — Branch applied to Christ

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

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For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

John the Baptist identified as the voice in the wilderness

Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations.

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The land of Zabulon, and the land of Nephthalim, by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles;

Quoted at opening of Christ's Galilean ministry

The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.

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The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up.

Verbatim citation for Christ in Galilee

But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.

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Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.

Praeis inherit the earth = anvei eretz

Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.

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That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare our sicknesses.

Matthew applies verse to Christ's healings

Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.

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The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them.

Jesus quotes Isaiah 35 to John the Baptist — blind see, deaf hear, lame walk

He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street.

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That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying,

Christ's withdrawn ministry fulfills not-crying-in-street

Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.

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Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew judgment to the Gentiles.

Matthew quotes Isa 42:1-4 of Jesus

He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street.

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He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear his voice in the streets.

He shall not strive nor cry

A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.

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A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not quench, till he send forth judgment unto victory.

Bruised reed / smoking flax — Matthew quotes directly

And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not.

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And in them is fulfilled the prophecy of Esaias, which saith, By hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and shall not perceive:

Christ quotes hardening commission to explain parables

Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed.

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For this people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

Heart waxed gross — same commission

Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men:

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This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me.

Jesus quotes against Pharisees — lips honor, heart far

Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people.

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And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves.

Christ quotes at temple cleansing

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.

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Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?

Stone which the builders rejected — Psalm 118:22

And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.

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The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king, which made a marriage for his son,

King's marriage for his son — parable form

For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

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Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:

Christ quotes verbatim — sun darkened

And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall beat off from the channel of the river unto the stream of Egypt, and ye shall be gathered one by one, O ye children of Israel.

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And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.

Episynaxousin — elect gleaned, not swept

And it shall come to pass in that day, that the great trumpet shall be blown, and they shall come which were ready to perish in the land of Assyria, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt, and shall worship the LORD in the holy mount at Jerusalem.

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And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.

Great sound of a trumpet — angels gather the elect

He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

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But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God.

Jesus held his peace before high priest

I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.

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Then did they spit in his face, and buffeted him; and others smote him with the palms of their hands,

They spit in his face and buffeted him

He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

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And he answered him to never a word; insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly.

Answered him to never a word — silent before Pilate

I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.

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And they spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head.

They spit upon him and smote him on the head

And he will destroy in this mountain the face of the covering cast over all people, and the veil that is spread over all nations.

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And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

Temple veil torn at Christ's death — prototype

For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain.

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And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

Veil torn, rocks rent — foretaste of uncovering

Oh that thou wouldest rend the heavens, that thou wouldest come down, that the mountains might flow down at thy presence,

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And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

Temple veil torn — qara verb fulfilled

Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead.

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And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,

Dust gives up its first dead at Christ's resurrection

And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.

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When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathæa, named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus' disciple:

Joseph of Arimathea — the rich man's tomb

And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.

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And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed.

Buried in new tomb of Joseph of Arimathea

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

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The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

Mark opens with this prophecy applied to the Baptist

And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not.

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That seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest at any time they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them.

Same citation for parable mode

Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men:

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He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.

Jesus cites — commandments of men

And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

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Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.

Christ quotes Isa 66:24 directly — only Isaiah verse He quotes in His teaching

And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

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Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.

Christ quotes again — worm dieth not, fire not quenched

And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

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Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.

Christ quotes a third time — cost of refusal

Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people.

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And he taught, saying unto them, Is it not written, My house shall be called of all nations the house of prayer? but ye have made it a den of thieves.

House of prayer for all nations — Mark preserves full

For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

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But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light,

Christ quotes — sun and moon

For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

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And the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken.

Stars falling — continued quote

Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again:

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And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt.

Christ drinks cup in Gethsemane on Zion's behalf

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

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He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:

Annunciation cites throne of David inheritance

And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness.

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He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:

Throne of his father David — Christ

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

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And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.

Of his kingdom there shall be no end

And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness.

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And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.

Kingdom no end

To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.

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To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.

Zechariah's prophecy: those sitting in darkness

I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles;

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A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.

Simeon: a light to lighten the Gentiles

The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary: he wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the learned.

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And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.

Christ at twelve confounding the doctors

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

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As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

Luke quotes the wilderness-voice prophecy

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;

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And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.

Spirit descends upon Jesus at the Jordan — the anointing

To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.

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The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

Christ at Nazareth: liberty to the captives

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;

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The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

Jesus reads Isa 61:1 in the Nazareth synagogue

Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?

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The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

Christ reads Isaiah 61 in Nazareth synagogue

To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn;

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To preach the acceptable year of the Lord.

Jesus reads 'acceptable year' and stops, closing the scroll

And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not.

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And he said, Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God: but to others in parables; that seeing they might not see, and hearing they might not understand.

Same hardening citation

For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed.

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And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be received up, he steadfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem,

Christ stedfastly set his face — flint resolve

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

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And he said unto them, I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven.

I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven

Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people.

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Saying unto them, It is written, My house is the house of prayer: but ye have made it a den of thieves.

Christ at temple cleansing

He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

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He came unto his own, and his own received him not.

His own received him not

Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion: for great is the Holy One of Israel in the midst of thee.

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And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.

Word made flesh dwelt among us — be-qirbekh

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

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He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.

John the Baptist self-identifies with this verse

The first shall say to Zion, Behold, behold them: and I will give to Jerusalem one that bringeth good tidings.

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He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.

John the Baptist as voice/herald

Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation.

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In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink.

If any man thirst — Jesus reads Isa 12:3 of Himself

Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation.

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He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water.

Rivers of living water flowing from believer

Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it?

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Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.

Christ: before Abraham was, I am

And even to your old age I am he; and even to hoar hairs will I carry you: I have made, and I will bear; even I will carry, and will deliver you.

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Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.

Christ: before Abraham was, I am

He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.

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I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep.

Christ as the Good Shepherd

In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.

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Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out.

Prince of this world cast out at cross

Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?

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That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?

John quotes for Israel's unbelief

Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed.

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He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.

Why people did not believe though He had done miracles

In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple.

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These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him.

Isaiah saw Christ's glory — throne-One identified as pre-mortal Christ

Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted.

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But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.

Comforter — Menachem — Holy Ghost in Father's name

And even to your old age I am he; and even to hoar hairs will I carry you: I have made, and I will bear; even I will carry, and will deliver you.

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As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.

I am — soldiers fall backward

But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.

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But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.

Spear in Christ's side — mecholal pierced

Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands; thy walls are continually before me.

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The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe.

Thomas: prints of nails in his hands

Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands; thy walls are continually before me.

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Then saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing.

Christ shows pierced hands

Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness be a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest.

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And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams:

Pentecost inaugurates the outpouring pattern

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.

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This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner.

Stone the builders rejected

Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and where is the place of my rest?

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Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?

Stephen quotes against the temple-of-stone theology

He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

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The place of the scripture which he read was this, He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and like a lamb dumb before his shearer, so opened he not his mouth:

Ethiopian eunuch reads this — Philip preaches Jesus

Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David.

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And as concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no more to return to corruption, he said on this wise, I will give you the sure mercies of David.

Paul applies sure mercies of David to resurrection

And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth.

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For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.

Paul cites: light to the Gentiles — apostolic mission

And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness.

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After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:

Tabernacle of David — Jerusalem council

And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not.

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Saying, Go unto this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and not perceive:

Paul's closing word in Rome

Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed.

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For the heart of this people is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes have they closed; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

Heart waxed gross — Paul's citation

Whom the LORD of hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt my people, and Assyria the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance.

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As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

Cites Hosea for Gentile inclusion

Whom the LORD of hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt my people, and Assyria the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance.

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And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

Sons of the living God

For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness.

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Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

Paul quotes for NT remnant doctrine

For the Lord GOD of hosts shall make a consumption, even determined, in the midst of all the land.

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For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.

Consumption decreed — Paul cites

Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah.

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And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

Paul quotes Isaiah's remnant verse to ground covenant-through-remnant doctrine

And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

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Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

Paul cites stumbling-stone

And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

↓

As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.

Paul cites Isaiah 8:14 of Christ

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.

↓

As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.

Stone of stumbling, rock of offence laid in Zion

The first shall say to Zion, Behold, behold them: and I will give to Jerusalem one that bringeth good tidings.

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And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!

Paul applies Isa 52:7 herald to apostolic preaching

How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth!

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And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!

Paul quotes the feet on the mountains

Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?

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But they have not all obeyed the gospel. For Esaias saith, Lord, who hath believed our report?

Paul quotes — who hath believed our report

I am sought of them that asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said, Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name.

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But Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me.

Paul quotes of Gentile turning to Christ

I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts;

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But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people.

Paul reads vv.1–2 together — outstretched hands all day

And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the LORD.

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And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

Paul: Deliverer shall come out of Zion

I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.

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For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God.

Paul cites: every knee shall bow

For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him.

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But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him.

Paul quotes as 'mystery of God' revealed to those who wait

Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation.

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And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ.

That Rock was Christ

For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people.

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In the law it is written, With men of other tongues and other lips will I speak unto this people; and yet for all that will they not hear me, saith the Lord.

Paul cites: with other tongues will I speak unto this people

And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine: let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall die.

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If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die.

Paul cites: if the dead rise not, let us eat and drink

He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.

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So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.

Death is swallowed up in victory — Paul's ratification of resurrection

Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD.

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For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband.

Paul cites barren-rejoicing for Jerusalem above

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.

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And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;

Christ the chief corner stone, apostles and prophets foundation

But they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, and he fought against them.

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And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption.

'Grieve not the Holy Spirit' — direct Pauline echo

And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins.

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Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness;

Girded with truth — armor of God cites this verse

I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.

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That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;

Every knee bows at name of Jesus

I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.

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And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

Every tongue confess Jesus is Lord

Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount Zion.

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And again, I will put my trust in him. And again, Behold I and the children which God hath given me.

Applied to Christ — same signs-and-wonders household pattern

Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

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Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

Ever liveth to make intercession — imperfect yafgia

Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees.

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Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees;

'strengthen the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees' — quoted directly

Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger.

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Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven.

Quotes Haggai forward

The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?

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For our God is a consuming fire.

'our God is a consuming fire' — same devouring-fire doctrine

But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine.

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Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers;

Christ as go'el redeeming by his own blood

The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field:

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For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away:

Peter quotes 'all flesh is grass' directly

The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.

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But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.

'the word of the Lord endureth forever' — Peter's incorruptible-seed teaching

And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

↓

Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded.

Stone of stumbling applied to Christ

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.

↓

Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded.

Elect, precious cornerstone — Christ identified

And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

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And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.

Rock of offence — Christ

But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.

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Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.

By his stripes ye were healed

To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.

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By which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison;

Christ preached to spirits in prison

For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind.

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Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.

Peter quotes — 'new heavens and new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness'

Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God.

↓

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

First and last — Christ's self-identification

Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he.

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And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:

Christ takes the I-am-first-and-last self-identification

Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God.

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And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:

I am the first and the last

Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel, my called; I am he; I am the first, I also am the last.

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And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:

Christ: I am the first and the last

And the Gentiles shall see thy righteousness, and all kings thy glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD shall name.

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He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it.

White stone, new name written, known only to the receiver

And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder; so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open.

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And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth, and no man shutteth; and shutteth, and no man openeth;

Christ names himself: he that hath the key of David

And the Gentiles shall see thy righteousness, and all kings thy glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD shall name.

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Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my new name.

New name of God, the city, and the Servant-King written on the overcomer

For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain.

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Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my new name.

New name written on overcomer — 'he shall go no more out'

And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory.

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And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within: and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.

Living creatures sing identical threefold qadosh before the throne

For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

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And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood;

Sixth seal — sun darkened

For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

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And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.

Stars fall

And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig tree.

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And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places.

'the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together' — same scroll-rolling

Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty.

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And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bondman, and every free man, hid themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the mountains;

Kings hide in rocks of the mountains

Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty.

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And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb:

Same hiding from face of throne-One

He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.

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For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters: and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes.

God shall wipe away all tears

Before she travailed, she brought forth; before her pain came, she was delivered of a man child.

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And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to his throne.

Male-child caught up to God's throne — huion arsen carried into Greek

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

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And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels,

War in heaven

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

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And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.

Dragon cast out

In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.

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And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.

Great dragon, old serpent — same four names of Leviathan

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

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And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.

Dragon cast down with third of stars

And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground.

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And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

Babylon is fallen, is fallen — the angelic announcement

I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment.

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And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God.

Great winepress of wrath — blood up to horse-bridles

Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation.

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And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.

Song of Moses and the Lamb

And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground.

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And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

The cry over the great whore repeats Isaiah 21:9

And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in their pleasant palaces: and her time is near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged.

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And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

Habitation of devils — Babylon the Great

Go ye forth of Babylon, flee ye from the Chaldeans, with a voice of singing declare ye, tell this, utter it even to the end of the earth; say ye, The LORD hath redeemed his servant Jacob.

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And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.

Come out of her, my people — eschatological Babylon

Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no unclean thing; go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean, that bear the vessels of the LORD.

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And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.

Come out of her, my people — echoes Isa 52:11

Therefore hear now this, thou that art given to pleasures, that dwellest carelessly, that sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children:

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How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.

I sit a queen, am no widow — verbatim Isa 47:8

And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.

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Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her.

Burned with fire in one day

And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.

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And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.

Babylon thrown down, found no more

And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.

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And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he saith unto me, These are the true sayings of God.

Marriage supper of the Lamb — Isaiah 25:6 forward

Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.

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And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God.

Vesture dipped in blood — name called The Word of God

But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.

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And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God.

Sharp sword from his mouth — rod of his mouth

Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.

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And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God.

Treads winepress of God's wrath

In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.

↓

And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,

Dragon bound a thousand years

For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain.

↓

And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.

Great White Throne — earth giving up dead, books opened

For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind.

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And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.

John extends — new heaven and new earth

Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion: for great is the Holy One of Israel in the midst of thee.

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And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.

Tabernacle of God with men

He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.

↓

And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.

No more death, sorrow, crying, pain

The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.

↓

And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.

City had no need of sun or moon — same vision

Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he.

↓

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

Christ: I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last

Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God.

↓

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

Alpha and Omega, first and last

Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel, my called; I am he; I am the first, I also am the last.

↓

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

Christ: Alpha and Omega