A — The Rules

Chapter 10

Premium narration

The first fragment of a document from Cave 4, which its editor has left untitled, describes in a manner similar to Community Rule the respective destinies of the damned and the chosen. See J. M. Allegro and A. A. Anderson, DJD,V, 79-80; cf. J. Strugnell, RQ, 254-5; J. T. Milik, JJS, 114-18.

.. for guilt with the congregation of his people, for it has wallowed in the sin of the sons of men; for great judgements and evil diseases in the flesh according to the mighty deeds of God and in accordance with their wickedness. In conformity with their congregation of uncleanness, as a community of wickedness until ends. In accordance with the mercies of God, according to His goodness and wonderful glory, He caused some of the sons of the world to draw near.. to be counted with Him in the community of the 'gods' as a congregation of holiness in service for eternal life and the lot of His holy ones.. each man according to his lot which He has cast for.. for eternal life..

4QHalakhah A Twenty-six severely damaged fragments, palaeographically dated to the late first century BCE, represent extracts from the Pentateuch with textual variations and exegetical paraphrases. The main topics are the Sabbath, compensation for injuries, firstfruits, the priest's wife, forbidden marital unions, etc. For the editio princeps, see E. Larson, M. R. Lehman and L. Schiffman, DJD, XXXV, 25-51. Frs. 1-2.. and to draw water from a cistern.. the drawing.. No man shall take anything from his place on the Sabbath, from outside the house into it or from the house outside.. for him to interpret and read in the Book on the Sabbath.. Frs. 4-7 i.. When men quarrel and one strikes his fellow with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but keeps his bed, then if the man rises again and walks outside, he who injured him is not guilty. Only he shall pay for the loss of his time and for his medical treatment. vacat When a man strikes his slave, male or female with a rod..

Fr. When a man strikes his slave, male or female, in the eye and destroys it, or if he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall free him. He shall pay for the loss of his time and for his medical treatment for the sake of his eye or his tooth. When an ox gores a man or a woman, the ox shall be killed and they will stone it and its flesh shall not be eaten. But the owner of the ox will be not guilty. But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it has killed a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death. If a ransom is laid upon him, then the man shall give.. Fr. [Let no man eat wheat, wine or oil unless the priest has waved their best, the firstfruit of the produce. No man shall delay, for wine is the firstfruit of the produce, and the wheat. The juice.. The firstfruits are the leavened loaves which they bring on the day of the firstfruits. These are firstfruits: let no man eat new wheat.. until the day of the bread of the firstfruits has come.. Fr.. When a woman is given to a priest, she may eat the food of her husband.. One acquired by him for money and one born into his house, they may eat his food. But a whore and a profaned woman may not eat the consecrated food. And every unfaithful deed which [a

man] shall commit.. to eat, for it is an abomination.. owner who is without redeemer.. Fr. On cases of incest.. No man shall take the wife of his father so as to uncover the skirt of his father. No man shall take the daughter of his brother or the daughter of his sister. No man shall uncover the nakedness of the sister of his mother or of his father. This is wickedness. A woman shall not be given to the brother of her father or to the brother of her mother.. A man shall not uncover the nakedness of.. A man shall not give his daughter..

4QHalakhah B Three fragments of a legal document, the first of which partly overlaps with various sections of 4Q421, deal with Sabbath regulations. For the editio princeps, see J. M. Baumgarten, DJD, XXXV, 53-6. Fr. I i I.. No man shall revise the scroll of a book reading its script on the day of Sabbath.. But they may read and study it. No man shall make plans with his mouth.. on the day of Sabbath. He shall not talk about any matter relating to work or wealth or.. on the day of Sabbath. He shall speak no word apart from speaking holy words as prescribed and from pronouncing blessings of God. He may talk about eating and drinking..

4QTohorot A This is the first of ten Cave manuscripts dealing with purity matters. The text translated represents column I of the document and the first word of column II. 4Q274 deals with uncleanness caused by bodily fluxes and issues of blood and with the means of its removal. Parts of fr. are concerned with the uncleanness associated with the juice oozing out of fruit. For the editio princeps, see J. M. Baumgarten, DJD, XXXV, 99- 109. Fr. I i I.. Let him not begin to cast his lot. He shall lie on a bed of sorrow and sit in a seat of sighs. He shall dwell in isolation with all the unclean, and away from purity at a distance of twelve cubits in the wing to him on the north-west of every dwelling-house according to this measure. Every man from among the unclean.. he shall bathe in water on the seventh day and wash his clothes, and afterwards he may eat. For this is what he said, He shall cry, Unclean, unclean, as long as the plague affects him. A woman with a seven-day issue of blood shall not touch a man with a flux, nor any vessel touched by a man who has a flux, nor anything he has lain or sat on. But if she has touched, she shall wash her garments and bathe, and afterwards she may eat. Above all, she shall not mingle during her seven days so that she may not pollute the camps of the Holy of Israel. Neither shall she touch any woman with a long-term issue of blood. And the person, either male or

female, who counts shall not touch the menstruant during her uncleanness. Only when she has purified herself from her uncleanness, for the blood of the menstruant is reckoned as a flux for anyone who touches it. And if he has touched bodily flux or semen, he shall be unclean. And he who has touched a man from among all these unclean persons during the seven days of his cleansing he shall not eat. If he has become unclean because of a corpse, he shall bathe in water, wash and afterwards he may eat. Fr. i.. when they sprinkle on him for the first time. He shall bathe and wash before he eats. If it occurs for him on the seventh on the Sabbath day, he shall not sprinkle on the Sabbath, for He says: Keep the Sabbath. But he shall not touch anything pure until he has repeated it. All that touches semen be it a man or any vessel shall be immersed. And the bearer of it shall immerse. And the garment on which it is and the vessel which carries it shall be immersed in water. If there is a man in the camp who is unable to do this, he shall bathe and put on any garment which has not been touched by it as long as it does not touch his bread. He who touches his bed or his seat, if his garment has not touched it, he shall bathe in water. But if his garment has touched it, he shall wash it. A man shall wash with water for all consecrated food.. 4Q274 i-ii I.. God uncovers the pupil of his eye, he shall read.. all their precepts.. for he who eats.. and he is unclean.. if juice [has not

oozed out, he shall eat it in purity, but all those] which have been squeezed so that their juice has oozed out, no man should eat them if an unclean man has touched them. And also from the greens.. or ripe cucumber. Whoever has..

II.. and any which has a seal.. shall be unclean for a cleaner man. Any green that has no moisture of dew on it may be eaten. And if it is not eaten, let him put it into the midst of the water. For if a man were to put it on the ground, and water reached it when the rain descended on it, if an unclean man touches it, let him not eat it in the field by any means until the period of his purification.. Any earthen vessel which.. which is in its midst.. the liquid..

4QTohorot Ba-Bb These two fragments deal with the biblical law of the 'red heifer', the ashes of which were used for the preparation of the 'water for uncleanness' necessary for the cleansing of impurity resulting from contact with a dead body. Relevant extracts from Num. xix are freely quoted. The subject is treated also in MMT B. The script dates to the late first century BCE. For the editio princeps, see J. M. Baumgarten, DJD, XXXV, 111- 19. 4Q276 And the priest wears the garments in which he is not ministering in the Sanctuary.. renders the garments guilty. And he slaughtered the heifer before Him. He shall carry her blood in a clay vessel which is not brought near the altar. And with his finger he shall sprinkle some of her blood seven times towards the front of the tent of meeting. And he shall cast the cedarwood, the hyssop and the scarlet material in the midst of her burning. And he who burns, a man who is clean of every corpse uncleanness, shall wash his clothes and gather up the ashes of the heifer and shall deposit them to be kept by the children of Israel for the water for uncleanness, for the removal of sin. And the priest shall put on.. 4Q277

The priest shall take the hyssop and.. The man cleansed from uncleanness the evening shall gather the ashes of the heifer and give them to the priest who atones with the blood of the heifer.. with which they atone with the law of the red heifer.. in water and he shall be unclean until the evening. And he who carries the cauldron of the water for uncleanness shall be unclean and shall wash himself in water and wash. And the man shall sprinkle the water for uncleanness on those defiled by uncleanness, for a pure priest.. on them, for he shall atone for the unclean. No wanton man shall sprinkle on the unclean.. the water for uncleanness and he shall bring him to the water and shall purify him from corpse uncleanness.. The priest shall scatter on them the water for uncleanness to purify them.. for they will indeed be purified and their flesh shall be pure and anyone who touches him.. his flux.. and his hands are not drenched in water. His bed and his dwelling shall be unclean.. they who touch his flux are like one who has touched the uncleanness of one who has touched; he will be unclean until the evening. And he who carries his clothes shall wash and shall be unclean until the evening.

4Q Harvesting Four fragments of a document have survived in a late Hasmonaean— early Herodian script. They deal with matters of uncleanness affecting fruits. Only fr. is translatable. The phrase 'liquids of the Congregation' links this fragment to IQS VI, 20, VII, 20. For the editio princeps, see J. M. Baumgarten, DJD, XXXV, 131-3. Fr.. basket.. And let him not gather them.. may not touch the liquids of the Congregation, for these render unclean the basket and the figs and the pomegranates, if their juice oozes out when he squeezes them all and a man who has not been brought into the Covenant has gathered them. And if they press olives in the olive press, let him not pollute them in any manner by opening them until he pours them into the press.. in purity..

The Master's Exhortation to the Sons of Dawn Eight fragments of a manuscript which, apart from its title, is written in a cryptic alphabet, contain an exhortation to a group, designated as 'sons of dawn' by the 'Master', the title of the teacher in charge of instruction in the Community. The phrase, 'sons of dawn' is possibly attested in the Damascus Document XIII, The earlier reading was 'sons of the Pit'. S. Pfann suggests that 'the sons of dawn' are newcomers to the sect at the earliest stages of their initiation. The exhortation recalls the opening pages of the Damascus Document. The square script of the title is said to belong to the second half of the first century BCE. Parts of frs. 1-2 and 3-4 are large enough to be translated. For the editio princeps, see Stephen Pfann and M. Kister, DJD, XX, 1-30. 4Q298, frs. 1-2 i Word of the Master which he spoke to all the sons of Dawn. Listen to me all men of heart and understand my word. And seekers of righteousness, hear my word in all that proceeds from my lips. Those who know have searched these and have returned to the path of life..

Frs- 3-4 ii.. And now listen, O wise men, and hear, O you with knowledge, hear. And men of understanding, increase might, and modesty, you who search judgement. You who know the way, increase strength, and men of truth, pursue righteousness, and you who love kindness, increase humility.. appointed time which.. you will understand the end of the ages and you will gaze at ancient things to know..

4Q Men Who Err Three small fragments allude to a group unfaithful to the Covenant. The allusion to dogs recalls 4QMMT B 58-9. For the editio princeps, see T. Lim, DJD, XXXVI, 249-54. Fr. The outcasts who stray and do not practise the precept, for they transgress it from day to day, from month to month, all that is the Covenant of Israel.. its flesh and they spit.. and he will be angry. And the dogs will eat the bones from the Temple. He shall exclude the dogs from the court..