H — Miscellanea

Part 3

Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, III, parts 1—2, Edinburgh, 1986. G. Vermes, An Introduction to the Complete Dead Sea Scrolls, London, 1999/ Minneapolis, 2000. J. VanderKam and P. Flint, The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus and Christianity, San Francisco, 2002. 5. The Scrolls and the New Testament K. Stendahl, ed. The Scrolls and the New Testament, London, 1958. M. Black, The Scrolls and Christian Origins, London, 1961. J. Murphy-O'Connor, ed. Paul and Qumran, London, 1968; New York, 1990. M. Black, ed. The Scrolls and Christianity, London, 1969. J. H. Charlesworth, ed.Johnand Qumran, London, 1972; New York, 1990. G. Vermes, Jesusand the World of Judaism, London, 1983; Philadelphia, 1984. R. Eisenman, Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran, Leiden, 1983. M. Newton, The Concept of Purity at Qumran and in the Letters of Paul, Cambridge, 1985. ° N. S. Fujita, ACrack in the Jar:What Ancient Jewish Documents Tell Us about the New Testament, New York, 1986. R. Eisenman, JamestheJustin the HabbakukPesher, Leiden, 1986. J. H. Charlesworth, ed. Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls, New York/London, 1992. F. H. Cryer and T. L. Thompson, eds. Qumran between the Old and the New Testament, Sheffield, 1998. J. R. Davila, ed. The Dead Sea Scrolls as Background to Postbiblical Judaismand Early Christianity, Leiden, 2003. G. Vermes, Jesus in his Jewish Context, London/Minneapolis, 2003.

General Index Page references in italics indicate illustrations. Abbreviations are as on the list on pages 91-2. Aaron Messiah of sons of. abbreviations, list of Abegg, Martin Abraham and astrology covenant with God death story of Absalom, House of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Admonition Associated with the Flood Aemilius Scaurus afterlife 'Age of Wrath' Ages of the Creation Agrippa Aland, Kurt Albright, W. F. in. Alcimus, High Priest Alexander the Great Alexander, P. Allegro, John Marco on ammanita muscaria and Copper Scroll

DJD V, ammanita muscaria Amram, Testament of AMS, see Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Anderson, A. A. DJD V, animal bones found at Qumran site Antiochus Epiphanes Antipas, Prince apocalyptic writings Apocalyptic Chronology Aramaic Apocalypse Messianic Apocalypse Triumph of Righteousness or Mysteries Apocrypha Apocryphal Psalms biblically based apocryphal works Apocryphal Weeks apostasy Aramaic manuscripts and apocrypha Aramaic Apocalypse Aramaic Bible Translations archaeology Archelaus, Herod assemblies assembly of all the camps assembly of the camp assembly of the Congregation see also Council of the Community astrological physiognomies Astronomical Book of Enoch Athanasius, Mar Atonement, Day of Attridge, H.

Avigad, N. Babylonia Baillet, Maurice DJD 111, DJD VII, Balaam, prophecy of Balakros see also Balas, Alexander Balas, Alexander Bar Kokhba Barki nafshi Barthélemy, Dominique Baruch, Apocalypse of 'bastards' bathing, ritual battle formations Baumgarten, J. M. DJD XVIII, DJDXXXV Beatitudes Bechtel, Elizabeth Hay. Belial curses of see also Melkiresha' Ben Asher codex Ben-Dov, J. Benedictions see also blessings Benoit, Pierre Berakhot Bernstein, M. Beyer, K.

Bible biblical canon biblically based apocryphal works commentaries/interpretation -z Aramaic translations Catenae or Interpretation of Biblical Texts on the Last Days Consolations or Tanhumim in Damascus Document Florilegium or Midrash of the Last Days Greek documents Heavenly Prince Melchizedek historical information within of law on marriage Ordinances or Commentaries on Biblical Law Testimonia or Messianic Anthology The Reworked Pentateuch Undentifiable Text Commentary New Testamentn textual reliability see also specific books of the Bible Biblical Archaeology Review Biblical Archaeology Society birds' nests Bless, My Soul blessings Blessings of Jacob Book of Blessings see also Benedictions Boismard, M.-E. Bonani, G. Brady, M. brontologion Brooke, George J.. Broshi, Magen.

Brownlee, W. H. Burrows, Millar Bursar of the Congregation. Cairo genizah manuscriptsand n. calendars Calendars of Priestly Courses Calendric Signs Calendrical Document C MMT sectarian Phases of the Moon Zodiacal Calendar with a brontologion camps, see towns Canaan, Sermon on the Conquest of Cansdale. capital punishment, see death penalty Catenae or Interpretation of Biblical Texts on the Last Days celibacy. cemetery at Qumran chariots charity Charlesworth, J. H. Chazon, E. children entering the Covenant excavated bones chosen people Christianity and the Community Jewish Christianity Chronicles, Books of chronology 'Church Orders'

circumcision city of the Covenant Claudius, Emperor codicology, Hebrew Collins, J. common ownership common table exclusion from Community Four Classes of history contribution of Scrolls history of the Essenes list of rebuked members as a plant religious ideas the Covenant election and holy life future expectations worship structure and rules of at Qumran Community, cont'd in towns/camps towns and Qumran compared and linked see also Essenes Community Rule on healing on immortality infringements and penalties manuscripts from Cave from Cave hybrid on meals on Mosaic Law

no reference to women number of copies on punctuality see also Damascus Document Concordance and Confession Ritual Congregation. assembly of see also Council of the Community Bursar of. dismissal from joining judges of Messianic Rule providing for all needs qualification for slandering speaking to standards of see also Community Congregation, Prince of Blessing of 'horoscope' Congregation, Rule of see Messianic Rule Consolations or Tanhumim contemplative life converts Remonstrances before Conversion Coponius Copper Scroll Council of the Community at Qumran Community Rule on Habakkuk Commentary on

hybrid Community Rule on Messianic Rule on in towns/camps Covenant community of election and holy life future expectations worship entry into Feast of the Renewal of new oath of unfaithful to see also Community Creation, Psalm of the Creation, The Ages of Cross, F. M.and. Crown, A. crucifixion Cryptic Texts curses of Belial. and expulsion on insincere conversion of Melkiresha' Damascus Document. on the Council of the Community on the Guardian historical information in manuscripts Exhortation from Cave 4

Statutes on the Messiah number of copies penal code on purification on skin disease and 'sons of dawn' and Temple Scroll and towns/camps assemblies code of law Guardian's qualifications head of 'camp' initiation of members priests on 'Wicked Priest' 'Damascus, land of' Daniel, Book ofand Para-Danielic writings Darius I, King of Persia dating of the Scrolls David, King descendants Moses Apocryphon poetry of de Vaux, Father Roland dating the Scrollsand. and publication of the Scrolls. Dead Sea Scrolls catalogue dating discovery of greatest novelty lack of historical texts

'liberation' in 1991 and the New Testament number and content provenance and Qumran and towns/camps research and publication 1947—1967 1967—1990 1990—2003 significance Dead Sea Scrolls Bible death, life after death penalty Demetrius III, King Deuteronomy, Book of dietary restrictions, see food Dimant. Discoveries in the Judean Desert Divine Office, Order of Divisions oftheTimes, Book of the see also Jubilees Donceel-Voûte, Pauline. Driver, Godfrey and dues, priestly Duhaime,J. Dupont-Sommer, Andréand Ecclesiastes, Book of Ecclesiasticus, Book of see also Jesus Ben Sira Egypt Eisenman, Robertand and. Eleazar, son of Nahmani. election Elgvin, T.

Elibah, an elder Elisha Apocryphon Enoch and Book of Giants Book of Prayer of Enosh and Enoch 'Ephraim' Eshel, Esther Eshel, Esther & Hanan Eshel, Hanan. Essenes disappearance and early Christian Church Feast of Pentecost hidden treasure history chronological framework concealed references in the Scrolls decipherment of particular allusions membership and Qumran. religious ideas The Covenant election and holy life future expectations worship writings and library see also Community Esther, Book of Proto-Esther. Eusebius exhortations Damascus Document Exhortation to Seek Wisdom Master's Exhortation to the Sons of Dawn

MMT C Exodus, Book of Historico-theological Narrative based on Genesis and Exodus Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus Exodus, Sermon on the exorcism, poems of expulsion from the sect Ezekiel. Book of Pseudo-Ezekiel Ezra Falk, Daniel False Prophets, List of feasts and festivals agricultural liturgical calendar and Pentecost prayers for Renewal of the Covenant 'fifteen men' Fight against Evil Spirits firstfruits Firstfruits, Day of Fitzmyer, J. A.. Flint, P. Flood Admonition Associated with the Flood see also Noah Florilegium or Midrash on the Last Days Flusser. food blessing

dietary restrictions fruits priests excluded from eating pure see also common table Foundations of the Community Four Classes of the Community Four Kingdoms Freedman. N. Galilee Gamaliel II, Patriarch García Martínez, F. DJD XXIII, DJDXXXVI garments, pure3 Genesis Apocryphon commentaries Commentary C Commentary D Historico-theological Narrative based on Genesis and Exodus and Jubilees Paraphrase of Gentiles attacking interaction with slaves converted to Judaism and the Wicked Priest Giants, Book of Ginzberg. gleanings see also tithes Glessmer, U.

Gog Golb, Normanand Goliath, David and Goodman, Martin.. Goranson, J. Greece culture and Jewish history as enemy Greeks referred to as Kittim Greek manuscripts and Tobit Greenfield, J. C. Groningen hypothesis Guardian psalm recital at Qumran in towns/camps in towns/camps and at Qumran compared see also Master Habakkuk Commentary interpretation of 'Lebanon' portrait of Kittim on Teacher of Righteousness and Wicked Priest Halakhah A Halakhah B Hananiah Notos Hananiah, son of Simon Harding, G. Lankester Harrington, D. J. harvesting Hasidim Hasmonaeans

Heavenly Lights, Words of the Hebrew texts alphabet acrostics Aramaic translations Heinemann, J. hekhaloth Henning, W. Herod Archelaus Herod the Great Hidden Scrolls from the Judaean Desert Hirschfeld, Yizhar. Historical Texts A C-E F history, see Community; Jewish history Holiness, council of Holocaust of the Sabbath, Songs for Horbury, W. 'horoscopes' Hosea, Commentaries on Huntington Library, California and Hunzinger, Claus-Hunno hymns Hymn Celebrating the Morning and the Evening hymn ending Community Rule Hymn of Glorification A and B Hymnic Fragment on resurrection for the Sabbath Day Songs for the Holocaust of the Sabbath Teacher of Righteousness and Thanksgiving war

see also poetry; psalms Hyrcanus see John Hycanus I; John Hyrcanus ideology, Scrolls and New Testament idolatry immortality initiation into the sect. injuries, compensation for Isaac sacrifice of Isaiah, Book of Commentaries on Israel blessing of 'company of Israel' in days of Moses desert and town brethren and judges from tribe of rank of the Israelites Scrolls and New Testament and slander against Israel Anquities Authority Israel Department of Antiquities Jacob Blessings of Testament of James Jannaeus, Alexander Jason, High Priest Jeremiah Apocryphon of Letter of Jerusalem

Community living in Essene library inand hidden treasure history Hellenization of Antiochus and Wicked Priest and 'last priests of' Romans and destruction of New Jerusalem texts Poetic Fragments on prophecies regarding Jesus ben Sira Jesus of Nazareth birth Scrolls and study of as Teacher of Righteousness or Wicked Priest Jewish history Apocalyptic Chronology or Apocryphal Weeks contribution of Scrolls Historical Texts history of the Essenes inter-testamental recording of Job Targum of John the Baptist John the Essene John Hyrcanus I John Hyrcanus Jonathan, King/High Priest identity ofand see also Jannaeus, Alexander; Maccabaeus, John

Jonathan, son of Absalom Jongeling, B. Joseph Apocryphon now Narrative and Poetic Composition Testament of Josephus, Flavius on Community history on the Essenes.andn. on Essene beliefs and practices Joshua Apocryhon or Psalms of Joshua Apocryphon Prophecy of Joshua ben Hananiah, Rabbi Josiah, King Jubilees. Judaea Judah, House of blessing of hymn to Judah, Testament of Judaism Community and Gentile slaves converted to Jewish Christianity priests' status rabbinic see also Jewish history Judas Aristobulus Judas judges Judges, Book of Jull, A. J. T. Khirbet Qumran.

cemetery date of occupation and excavation of expulsion of Essenes from population see also Qumran caves King-Messiah Kings, Books of Elisha Apocryphon Paraphrase on Kister, Menahem Kittim Kittim, cont'd in Habakkuk Commentary war with see also Romans Knibb, M. A. Laenas, Poppilius Lamech Lamentations, Book of language of the Scrolls and New Testament Larson, E. Lash, Major-General Last Days, Interpretation of Biblical Texts on the or Catenae Last Days, Midrash on or Florilegium Last Supper Latin manuscripts Law Books of Council of the Community and Essenes and infringements and penalties interpretation novices and

obedience to Ordinances or Commentaries on Biblical Law Prophets and see also Moses, Law of; Rules Lazar, Rabbi Leader's Lament, A Lebanonand n. Lehman, M. R. Leontopolis Jewish temple leprosy Levi Levi, Patriarch. Testament of Testaments of the Patriarchs Levites blessing of rank replacement for priest rules for tithes Torah interpretation on tribunals war duties Leviticus Targum of 'Liar' see also Wicked Priest Light, Prince of see also Michael, archangel Lim, Timothy H. 'lion, furious young' Lippens, Captain Philippe liturgy Benedictions Blessings Confession Ritual

liturgical calendar Liturgical Prayer Liturgical Work Order of Divine Office Purification Rituals see also calendars; prayers Luke, Gospel of Maccabaean theory Maccabaean-Hasmonaean era Maccabaeus, Jonathan King John? Wicked Prince? Maccabaeus, Judas Maccabaeus, Simon Maccabees, Books of Magness, Jodi. Malachi, Commentary on 'Manasseh' Manasseh, King of Judah, 'Prayer of Manual of Discipline see Community Rule Mark, Gospel of marriage. kinship and proof of virginity see also sexual morality martyrdom Masada capture by Romans manuscripts from mashqin maskil see Master Masoretic text

Master Exhortation to Sons of Dawn precepts for rules for see also Guardian Mattathias Matthew, Gospel of Matthews, K. A. Mayer, B. meals see common table; food mebaqqer, see Guardian Meditation, Book of Melchizedek, archangel The Heavenly Prince see also Michael, archangel Melkiresha' curses of see also Belial Men Who Err Menahem Menelaus, High Priest menstruation Merkahah Messiah blessing of coming of. 'horoscope' and the Prophet Messianic Anthology or Testimonia Messianic Apocalypse Messianic Rule description of meal towns/camps structure and rules Messianism

Methuselah Metso, S. Micah, Commentary on Michael, archangel Words of see also Melchizedek, archangel 'Michael and the Just, The Song of' Midrash on the Book of Moses Midrash on the Last Days or Florilegium Milik, Józef Tadeuszand. and the Copper Scroll DJD I, DJD III, DJD VI, DJD JJS The Books of Enoch Millar, F. Miqsat Ma'aseha-Torah,see MMT Miriam, Song of Mishnah MMT on dealings with Gentiles dietary laws and Essenes and Sadducees. MMT A, Sectarian Calendar MMT B, Special Rules MMT C, The Exhortation on purity matters Moffett, William A.and n. Moon, Phases of Morgenstern, M. Moses Apocryphon a

Apocryphon b Apocryphon c Apocryphon Assumption of farewell discourse Law of kinship and marriage oath to keep ritual acts precribed by transgression of transmission to rabbis Midrash on the Book of Moses preparation to hear God revelation by angels Words of Muhammad edh-Dhib Murabba'at caves, manuscripts from Mysteries Nabonidus, Prayer of Nahum Commentary historical information in Temple Scroll and Naphtali, Testament of Nash papyrus Naveh, J. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon Nehemiah, Book of New Testament. Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek fragments and Habakkuk Commentary and see also Bible

New Wheat, Feast of Newsom, Carol Nitzan, Bilhah Noah birth554 covenant with God curses son story of The Book of novices. Numbers, Book of oaths, see vows and oaths 'Obadiah, Psalm of O'Callaghan, José Og, King of Bashan Olyan, S. Onias III, High Priest Onias IV, High Priest. Ostraca Otot Document palaeography Palestine papyrus Parable of Warning Passover Patriarchs, Testaments of Paul, Saint Peitholaos