The chapter interleaves two distinct legal bodies: the law of vows (Numbers 30) and the account of the war against Midian (Numbers 31). The vow-law establishes that a woman's oath before the Lord binds her soul, yet her father or husband bears authority to confirm or void it on the day he hears it — silence constitutes ratification, later nullification transfers the iniquity to him. The Midian campaign, commanded to Moses as his final act before being gathered to his people, results in total victory; no Israelite warrior falls. The tribute system — one part in five hundred to the Lord via the priests, one in fifty to the Levites — orders the spoil into the covenant economy, and the commanders' voluntary gold offering is received as atonement before the Lord.